(Kaiserlich und Koniglich, Imperial and Royal). The Common Army, however, with central funding was the only one entitled to the categorization of k.u.k. The text cites, for example, Austria-Hungary's three regular armies. The subject is unfamiliar, as Austrian institutions and mindsets are unlike German or Prussian, of which American readers are familiar. The Resurrection and Collapse of Empire in Habsburg Serbia, 1914-1918 is well written, researched, and organized, but it is a difficult book to read.

In current joint terminology, the book focuses on an extended Phase IV (to stabilize), with a particular twist on Phase V (to enable civil authority). Franz FerdinandвЂ™s assassination, by a Serbian nationalist, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, however, put an end to any such negotiations and toppled Europe, already teeming with unresolved conflict and irreconcilable differences between the great powers, headlong into the First World War.This eye-opening book cuts a path into unfamiliar territory-the Austro-Hungarian invasions of Serbia and the subsequent occupation of Serbia to the end of the Great War. For the time being, however, both Kaiser Wilhelm, emperor of Germany, and Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, continued to see the possibility of a peaceful resolution of the Balkans question, though they disputed the means of achieving it. Confident that first Turkey and then Bulgaria would prove victorious, Austria-Hungary had neglected to intervene in either conflict now, the Dual Monarchy became increasingly fearful-with reason-of the growing Slavic influence in the Balkans, the emergence of a powerful and ambitious Serbia, and what it would all mean for the future of its own declining empire.Д«y 1913, many in both Austria-Hungary and Germany-especially within the countriesвЂ™ military leadership-had decided that a preventive war against Serbia would be necessary to restore the empireвЂ™s prestige and power as Russia was almost certain to back Serbia in any such conflict, a third war in the Balkans would most likely proceed directly to a general European one, with Germany and Austria-Hungary facing off against Serbia, Russia, RussiaвЂ™s primary ally, France, and possibly Britain. By its terms, Bulgaria lost a considerable amount of territory and Serbia and Greece received control of most of Macedonia.ДЄustria-Hungary, which had badly wanted to see Serbia crushed, was shocked and disappointed by the results of the two Balkan wars. The Treaty of Bucharest, signed August 10, was negotiated by local states, rather than by the great powers. The attack led to the so-called Second Balkan War, in which Bulgaria was quickly defeated by forces from Serbia, Greece, Turkey and Romania. Meanwhile, czarist Russia-an important supporter of Serbia and the other great European power with influence in the Balkans region-felt its own interests threatened by its rivalвЂ™s actions.Д®xactly a month after the peace treaty was signed, on the night of June 29-30, Bulgaria turned against its former allies, Serbia and Greece, in a surprise attack ordered by King Ferdinand I without consultation with his own government. The small, boisterous monarchy of Serbia was outraged by the annexation, having long regarded Bosnia-Herzegovina as part of its own rightful territory due to their shared South Slavic heritage. Austria-HungaryвЂ™s actions clearly upset the delicate balance of power in the Balkans.

On May 30, 1913, a peace treaty is signed ending the First Balkan War, in which the newly aligned Slavic nations of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria and Greece had driven Turkish forces out of Macedonia, a territory of the Ottoman Empire located in the tumultuous Balkans region of southeastern Europe.ДЄfter rebellion in Macedonia-led by a secret society of nationalists known as the Young Turks-shook the stability of the sultanвЂ™s hold on Ottoman territory in Europe in 1908, the Austro-Hungarian empire acted quickly to annex the dual Balkan provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina and to encourage Bulgaria, also under Turkish rule, to proclaim its independence.

Empire total war serbia